WEIGHTS (approximate)
Grain, 1/20 shekel, 1/40 ounce, 0.7 grams
Gerah, 9 grains, ½ shekel; ¼ ounce, 7 grams
Pim, 2/3 shekel, 1/3 ounce, 9.5 grams
Shekel, ½ ounce, 14.17 grams
Bekah, 10 gerahs, 2 ½ shekels, 1 ¼ ounce, 35 grams
Maneh, 1 1/4 pounds, 567 grams
Mina, 50 shekels, 25 ounces, 1 ½ pounds, 680 grams
Talent, 3000 shekels, 1500 ounces, 94 pounds, 42.6 kg
LIQUID MEASURES, OLD TESTAMENT (approximate)
Log, 2/3 pint, 315 milliliters
Hin, 1 gallon, 3.8 Liters
Kab, 4 logs, 1 1/3 quart, 1.3 Liters
Bath, 6 hins, 6 gallons, 22.7 Liters
Homer, 10 baths, 60 gallons, 227 Liters
Kor, 10 baths, 60 gallons, 227 Liters
LIQUID MEASURES, NEW TESTAMENT (approximate)
Xestes (Sextarius), 1 pint, 470 milliliters
Batos (Bath), 6 gallons, 22.7 Liters
Metretes, 10 gallons, 38 Liters
DRY MEASURES, OLD TESTAMENT (approximate)
Qub, 1 quart, 0.95 Liters
Seah, 2 quarts, 1.9 Liters
Kab, 2 quarts, 1.9 Liters
Omer, 3 quarts, 2.84 Liters
Ephah, 1 bushel, 9.3 gallons, 35.2 Liters
Lethech, letek, ½ homer, 3 bushels, 27.9 gallons, 105.7 Liters
Homer, 6 bushels, 55.8 gallons, 211.4 Liters
Kor, 6 ½ bushels, 60.5 gallons, 229 Liters
DRY MEASURES, NEW TESTAMENT (approximate)
Choinix, 1 quart, 0.95 Liters
Saton, seah, 7 quarts, 1.75 gallons, 6.6 Liters
Modios, modius, 2 gallons, 7.57 Liters
Koros, kor, 6 ½ bushels, 60.5 gallons, 229 Liters
LENGTH (approximate)
Digit, ¼ inch, 0.635 centimeters
Finger, ¾ inch, 1.9 centimeters
Handbreadth, 3 inches, 7.62 centimeters
Span, 9 inches, 22.86 centimeters
Cubit, 18 inches, 45.72 centimeters
Great cubit, 20 inches, 50.8 centimeters
Fathom, 6 feet, 1.829 meters
Reed, 9 feet, 2.743 meters
Furlong, 1/8 mile, 201.2 meters
Stadium, 1/7 mile, 229.9 meters
Sabbath Day’s journey, 3/5 mile, 0.9656 kilometers
Day’s journey, 20 miles, 32.19 kilometers
MONEY
Denarius, day’s wage
Didrachma, two drachmas
Talent, silver, about 100 lb. -- current value
Talent, silver, about 50 lb. (second measure) -- current value
Talent, gold, about 120 lb. -- current value
Talent, gold, about 60 lb. (second measure) -- current value
TIME, day time (approximate)
6 AM “sunrise,” beginning of day
7 AM first hour
8 AM second hour
9 AM third hour; Matthew 20:3; Mark 15:23; Acts 2:15
10 AM fourth hour
11 AM fifth hour
Noon sixth hour; Matthew 20:5; Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44; John 4:6; John 19:14; Acts 10:9
1 PM seventh hour; John 4:52, time nobleman’s son was healed
2 PM eighth hour
3 PM ninth hour; Matthew 20:5; Matthew 27:45, 46; Mark 15:33, 34; Luke 23:44; Acts 3:1; Acts 10:3; Acts 10:30
4 PM tenth hour; John 1:39
5 PM eleventh hour; Matthew 20:6-9
6 PM “sunset,” end of day
TIME, night time (approximate)
6 PM-9 PM, first watch
9PM-12 midnight, second watch, Luke 12:38
12 midnight-3 AM, third watch, Luke 12:38
3-6 AM, fourth watch, Matthew 14:25; Mark 6:48
SEASONS, MONTHS, FEASTS AND FESTIVALS
March-April:
Nisan (Abib)
Jewish year began with Passover month
Season and agriculture: spring latter rains; barley and flax harvest—Exodus 12:2; Exodus 12:4; Nehemiah 2:1
Festivals: Passover Feast, Feast of Unleavened Bread, Day of Firstfruits
April-May: Iyyar (Ziv, Ziw)
Season and agriculture: beginning of dry season
May-June:
Sivan
Season and agriculture: early figs
Festivals: Pentecost, Feast of Weeks; Feast of Harvest
June-July:
Tammuz
Season and agriculture: grape harvest
July-August: Ab
Season and agriculture: olive harvest
August-September:
Elul
Season and agriculture: date and summer fig harvest
September-October:
Tishri (Ethanim)
Season and agriculture: early rains
Festivals: Day of Blowing Trumpets, Day of Atonement, Feast of Tabernacles (Feast of Booths), Solemn Assembly
October-November: Heshvan (Marheshwan, Bul)
Season and agriculture: plowing
November-December: Kislev (Chislev)
Season and agriculture: sowing
Festivals: Festival of Lights
December-January: Tebeth (Tebet)
Season and agriculture: rains
January-February: Shebat
Season and agriculture: almond blossoms
February-March: Adar
Seasons and agriculture: citrus harvest
Festivals: Feast of Purim |
